Fortaleza Santa Catarina (do Cabedelo) |
|
| Abstract | |
| Around 1586, when Portugal and Spain were unified under one crown, the Portuguese built a small square fortification, Santa Catarina, on the strategic point of Cabedelo. After an unsuccessful attack in 1631, the Dutch conquered the fort in 1634, rebuilt it to a large extent and renamed it Margaretha. In 1654, after twenty years of Dutch rule, the fort again fell into Portuguese hands. The Dutch fort had a different ground plan and entrance from the present situation. In fact, after 1654, the Portuguese restyled the fort in stone around the Dutch ground plan, moving the gate to the landward side. | |
| Timeline | |
|
You should have flash installed to see this.
|
|
< 1580-1586 Spanish > |
|
| 1580-1586 Spain and Portugal are unified under one crown. 1586-1591 When the Capitania of Paraiba is funded, Frutoso Barbosa builds the small fortification São Felipe, later Santa Catarina, on the strategic point of Cabedelo, in order to defend the conquered region from Indians and European invaders. He builds the fort by order of the Spanish general Diogo Flores Valdes and Cristovão Lintz, a German engineer, is appointed to construct it. To build the fort, 110 Spanish knights from Olinda are employed as well as more then 700 Indians and 100 black slaves. Some records in fact, do relate the fort of Santa Catarina do Cabedelo to the fort of São Felipe and São Tiago, but nothing confirms that it could be the same fortress. 1591-1592 During the administration of Andre de Albuquerque, Indians and French corsairs attacks destroy the fort. 1592-1597 The fort is rebuilt. 1597-1603 A French attempt to conquer the fort fails. The fort is named Santa Catarina after the Portuguese Duchess Dona Catarina de Bragança, but is also known as Forte de Matos, this in honour of its second commander, João de Matos Cardoso. 1603-1609 The fort was rebuilt with the aid of the municipal council (camâra). 1609-1618 According to Diogo de Campos Moreno, the fort was situated on a sandbank and was built of wood and taipa (a mixture of mud and straw). As this required a constant maintenance and supply of these materials every four years, he therefore suggested that the fort had to be built of limestone instead. The fort, founded by Feliciano Coelho de Carvalho, had a captain, a second lieutenant, a sergeant and other officers, besides 20 musketeers. 1618-1631 During the government of Antonio de Albuquerque the fort was restored, according to the map of the engenheiro-môr Francisco de Farias de Mesquita (engineer). 1631-1634 A first Dutch attack on the fort fails. They are forced to retreat. Nevertheless, during the siege, the Dutch erect some fortifications around Cabedelo. The Dutch attack destroys the old fort to a large extent. After this event, the fort is rebuilt with four bulwarks, with trenches on the landside and a ditch/moat filled by seawater. Ramparts were made of torrão e faxina, according to Frei Paulo do Rosario, and not of stone blocks as mentioned in Mota Menezes. The fort had a square shape and its entrance was made possible by a drawbridge, which led to a passageway / corridor. It was constantly reinforced with cannons and guns in order to be prepared for a following Dutch attack, which was not long in coming. | |
< 1586-1591 Spanish > |
|
| When the Capitania of Paraiba is funded, Frutoso Barbosa builds the small fortification São Felipe, later Santa Catarina, on the strategic point of Cabedelo, in order to defend the conquered region from Indians and European invaders. He builds the fort by order of the Spanish general Diogo Flores Valdes and Cristovão Lintz, a German engineer, is appointed to construct it. To build the fort, 110 Spanish knights from Olinda are employed as well as more then 700 Indians and 100 black slaves. Some records in fact, do relate the fort of Santa Catarina do Cabedelo to the fort of São Felipe and São Tiago, but nothing confirms that it could be the same fortress. | |
< 1591-1592 Spanish > |
|
| During the administration of Andre de Albuquerque, Indians and French corsairs attacks destroy the fort. | |
< 1592-1597 Spanish > |
|
| The fort is rebuilt. | |
< 1597-1603 Spanish > |
|
| A French attempt to conquer the fort fails. The fort is named Santa Catarina after the Portuguese Duchess Dona Catarina de Bragança, but is also known as Forte de Matos, this in honour of its second commander, João de Matos Cardoso. | |
< 1603-1609 Spanish > |
|
| The fort was rebuilt with the aid of the municipal council (camâra). | |
< 1609-1618 Spanish > |
|
| According to Diogo de Campos Moreno, the fort was situated on a sandbank and was built of wood and taipa (a mixture of mud and straw). As this required a constant maintenance and supply of these materials every four years, he therefore suggested that the fort had to be built of limestone instead. The fort, founded by Feliciano Coelho de Carvalho, had a captain, a second lieutenant, a sergeant and other officers, besides 20 musketeers. | |
< 1618-1631 Spanish > |
|
| During the government of Antonio de Albuquerque the fort was restored, according to the map of the engenheiro-môr Francisco de Farias de Mesquita (engineer). | |
< 1631-1634 Spanish > |
|
| A first Dutch attack on the fort fails. They are forced to retreat. Nevertheless, during the siege, the Dutch erect some fortifications around Cabedelo. The Dutch attack destroys the old fort to a large extent. After this event, the fort is rebuilt with four bulwarks, with trenches on the landside and a ditch/moat filled by seawater. Ramparts were made of torrão e faxina, according to Frei Paulo do Rosario, and not of stone blocks as mentioned in Mota Menezes. The fort had a square shape and its entrance was made possible by a drawbridge, which led to a passageway / corridor. It was constantly reinforced with cannons and guns in order to be prepared for a following Dutch attack, which was not long in coming. | |
< 1634-1636 Dutch > |
|
| 1634-1636 The Dutch, with the aid of Calabar and under command of general S. Von Schoppe, conquer the fort with 32 ships and 3000 men. As they did in 1631, during their first attack, they erect again various fortifications around Cabedelo. Cabedelo was the most important Dutch base in Paraiba as far as garrison and artillery are concerned. 1636-1638 Captain Taelboom, an ex employee of the W.I.C., is contracted and builds a new fort around the old fort of Santa Catarina. The fort is reshaped with earthworks with one whole bastion and two half bastions, protected by a moat, on the landside and a tenaille along the riverside by the gate. 1638-1639 Governor Johan Maurits van Nassau visits the fort and contracts its further construction and maintenance, for an amount of 3330 guilders. The fort is a solid construction with a moat, a trench, a breastwork and 56 canons. As the ditches have dried up due to the sand, a palisade is being built. Nassau renames it Fort Margaretha or Margarita, after his mother Margaretha van Holstein-Sonderburg. 1639-1641 Van der Dussen reports a garrison of 360, but this might include the garrisons of Restinga and Santo Antonio too. He also reports 34 mounted pieces. 1641-1644 The fort at Cabedelo has 350 men. 1644-1645 The number of men at the fort declines to 185. 1645-1646 Between September and October of this year many works around the fort are reported because of the Portuguese insurrection against the Dutch. The parapet is repaired, palisades are placed, especially near the bulwark at the entrance of the fort, and a pipe is being constructed to fill the western ditch. Director De Linge reports that on Christmas eve a fire destroyed all the wooden barracks inside the fort, but did fortunately not reach the gunpowder house. 1646-1647 Hamel reports there are 36 mounted pieces in the fort. He also mentions that a bridge and some barracks have been recently constructed, probably after the fire on Christmas eve. 1647-1654 Repairs of the fort have been completed. New barracks have been built inside the fort, this time with bricks instead of wood. | |
< 1636-1638 Dutch > |
|
| Captain Taelboom, an ex employee of the W.I.C., is contracted and builds a new fort around the old fort of Santa Catarina. The fort is reshaped with earthworks with one whole bastion and two half bastions, protected by a moat, on the landside and a tenaille along the riverside by the gate. | |
< 1638-1639 Dutch > |
|
| Governor Johan Maurits van Nassau visits the fort and contracts its further construction and maintenance, for an amount of 3330 guilders. The fort is a solid construction with a moat, a trench, a breastwork and 56 canons. As the ditches have dried up due to the sand, a palisade is being built. Nassau renames it Fort Margaretha or Margarita, after his mother Margaretha van Holstein-Sonderburg. | |
< 1639-1641 Dutch > |
|
| Van der Dussen reports a garrison of 360, but this might include the garrisons of Restinga and Santo Antonio too. He also reports 34 mounted pieces. | |
< 1641-1644 Dutch > |
|
| The fort at Cabedelo has 350 men. | |
< 1644-1645 Dutch > |
|
| The number of men at the fort declines to 185. | |
< 1645-1646 Dutch > |
|
| Between September and October of this year many works around the fort are reported because of the Portuguese insurrection against the Dutch. The parapet is repaired, palisades are placed, especially near the bulwark at the entrance of the fort, and a pipe is being constructed to fill the western ditch. Director De Linge reports that on Christmas eve a fire destroyed all the wooden barracks inside the fort, but did fortunately not reach the gunpowder house. | |
< 1646-1647 Dutch > |
|
| Hamel reports there are 36 mounted pieces in the fort. He also mentions that a bridge and some barracks have been recently constructed, probably after the fire on Christmas eve. | |
< 1647-1654 Dutch > |
|
| Repairs of the fort have been completed. New barracks have been built inside the fort, this time with bricks instead of wood. | |
< 1654-1654 Portuguese > |
|
| The Portuguese, under command of Francisco Figueiroa, take the fort over again from the Dutch. | |
| More » | |
| Modern name | Fortaleza Santa Catarina (do Cabedelo) |
| Historical names | Arx Margarete; Cabedelo; Castrum Margarete; Fort Margaretha; Fort Margarethen; Fort Margita; Forte de Matos; Forte do Sul; Forte do Sul; Forte Estuario de Cabedelo; Forte Santa Catarina (do Cabedelo); Forte Santa Margarina; Forte São Filipe; Suyder Kasteel; Zuijderfort; |
| Category | Defence work; |
| Toponym | Cabedelo (monte de areia sand mountain- zandheuvel) |
| Modern name location | Cabedelo |
| Historical names location | Cabe Dello; Cabedelo; Cabo Dello; |
| Municipality | Cabedelo |
| State | Paraiba |
| Year of first construction | circa 1586 |
| Original function | Fortification |
| Relation to nearby objects | Together with Fort Restinga and Forte Santo Antônio defending the entrance of the Paraíba river (Rio Paraíba). |
| Architect(s) | Engenheiro-mor Francisco de Frias de Mesquita (1618); Diogo Paes (1634); Cristovão Lintz (17th century); Pedro Correra Rebello (18th century); Luiz Francisco Pimentel (18th century); |
| Archeological research | In 1970 archaeological research is conducted by Ulysses Pernambucano, financed by Casa America (?). Many artefacts from the Portuguese and Dutch period are found, e.g. Dutch pipes. The yellow bricks of the gate, originally from the Dutch period, are still visible. |
| Inventory date | 2006-11-14 21:46:00 |
| Short description | The fort originally had a squared shape, and measured roughly 100 x 80 meters including the bulwarks. It was made of taipa, a mixture of mud and straw. The inner courtyard with the casemates and the wooden quarters was about 40 x 40 metres. Nowadays the fort has 4 larger and 2 smaller ramparts and the shape of a star and it is made of limestone. |
| Significant materials | Limestone |
| Present owner | IPHAN |
| Administration | Fundação Fortaleza de Santa Catarina (since 1992) |
| Current condition | Good condition. Fortaleza S. Catarina now lies in an industrial area and contains a small museum and a souvenir shop. The Dutch gate, which was constructed of Dutch yellow bricks, is visible. |
| Current function(s) | shop; museum; celebrations; presentations; |
| Possible arch. research | Digging a trial trench to locate the Dutch ramparts on the riverside. Foundations of the Dutch barracks and the first Portuguese fort are expected in the terre-plein. |
| Possible restorations | Plans to build a better-equipped museum and a mutual heritage centre. |
| Keywords | Fort; Paraíba; Catarina; Margaretha; Cabedelo; Santa Catarina; Fortress; |
| Sources » |
| Sources | IAHGPE Instituto Arqueológico Histórico Geográfico de Pernambuco Recife;
Coleção José Hygino, Nótulas Diárias do Conselho Supremo e Secreto do Brasil 1635-1654 (Dagelijkse Notulen van den Hoogen en Secreten Raad in Brazilië);
Vol. 1-7 e 10;
UB Universiteit Bibliotheek Leiden; ; COLLBN 051-89-066; NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 46; 01-07-1639 Herckmans (Varadouro) » 'North of the western end of the island of San Bento enters the river Gargaú, and it extends itself to the northwest and a little to the west, seeking the land of Gargaú and today is named Rasiere, because of the name of the owner who bought it. To the north and over the mountains of the same engenho lies an Indian village (aldea) also called Gargaú'. NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 2; ff.46-76 NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 53; f.22 » ?Het suijderfort is gansch ende geheel van ons opgemaeckt ende het oude fortgen Santa Catarina dat te cleijn ende te becrompen ende van wijnich defentie was, is geslicht ende dit op deselve plaetse daer buijten omgelecht ende heeft tegen de lantsijde een schoon bolwerck met cortijnen lopende naer de zeestrant alwaer het aen wedersijden een half bolwerck heeft die met een tanaille aen malcander sluijten. Is van redelijck groot begrip ende schone hoge wallen, maer heeft oock wegen het welsant gelijck op alle santstranden geen diepe graghten konnen hebben. Andersints is van goede defentie. Dit fort is voor onsen tijt aenbesteet ende genouchsaem opgemaeckt, maer bij ons meestendeel betaelt ende heeft gekost 31 duijsent gulden.? NA 1.05.01.01;14-01-1638; inv.no. 53 (f.22); ?In Paraiba opde haven ofte barra is eerstelijck op de suijtsijde desselfs fort Margarita te lande waer is sich streckende als een Croonwerck biedende te landewaerts een schoon bolwercke tot aen de reviere wedersijts loopende de vleugels van de puncten van de halve bolwercken langs de reviere totdat se sluijten aen een baterije. Sijnde een tanaille int midden van dese vleugels tegens de reviere wedersijts loopende dit in een schoon ende swaer werck van treffelijcke defentie. Heeft een breede goede diepe gracht en een sterck stacketsel rondom den barnen ende een goet contrascarp de buijtencant van de gracht. Op dit fort leggen veerthien metaelen stucken ende 42 Ysere te weeten twee metaelen 24 pond daervan het een spaens. 7 metaele a 15 pond altemael spaens. Een a 12 pond 4 a 10 pond spaens alle gemonteert. De ijsere stucken sijn 4 a 10pond, 7 a 8 pond acht a 1 pond doch van dese ijsere stucken sijn maer 23 gemonteert. Noch een groote metaele mortier gemonteert.? NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 56; f.182; f.190 NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 58; f.112 NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 59; f.102 NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 62; f.31; f.216 09-12-1644 » NA 1.05.01.01; 01-02-1646; inv.no. 62 (f.31); ?[...] Ons is noch hier den 24 december sijnde kars avont een ander ongeval van brant over gecomen. S avont ontrent negen uijren is in ?t fort margarita aen een stroije hutt ontrent het magazijn van ammunitie subitelijck een vier opgegaen twelck in een ogenblijck tijts soo vehement is ontsteecken dat de twee derde parten van alle de logementen in het voorz fort in brant stonden die oock geheelijck sijn afgebrant. Bevonden ons in groote benautheijt ende perplexiteijt, aen deene zijde van dese bij den vijant van buijten opt fort een afsant[sic] mocht doen geduijrende wij besich waren met het vier te blussen aen d? andere sijde Waren beducht dat enige schelmen van binnen mochten sijn, die met den vijant intelligentie conden hebben ende hier toe uijtgemaeckt souden sijn Bovendien was het vier bij ende aen het cruijthuijs twelck groot gevaer veroorsaeckte. Heeft Gode almachtich gelieft (nietjegenstaende hij ons [p] met een totale ruijne dreijgden) genadichlijck ons allen te saemen dar van te bewaeren, dien wij dar over hebben te loven ende te dancken de magazijnen soo van vivres als ammonitie sijn door uwe devoir van t vier gepreserveert sulcx dat de Compie weijnich schade heeft geleden mar meer eenige particulieren wat ondersoeck hebben laeten doen soo en heeft men tot noch toe niet connen uijtvinden de geenen die aen desen brant schuldich souden mogen sijn de logementen doe ick wederom van steen op onse Nerlantse wijse opmetselen omme soodanige perickel in dit beslooten fort niet meer onderworpen te wesen [...] Tot opbouwinge van de logementen in t voors fort Margarita sullen 800 a 1000 noortse delen van node [p] wesen, wil niet twijffelen ofte werdt bij d? heren hooge Raiden dar over aen Uwe Ed Mo geschreven op dat die mogen werden gesonden, indien niet geschiet Paulus de Linge Fort Margarita eerste februari 1646? NA 1.05.01.01; 07-10-1645; inv.no. 62 (f.216); ?De wercken vant fort Margarita gevisiteert ende bevonden de pallesaden seer weijnich te sijn, doch door de Directeur de Linge verstaen dat die waren besteed om te vermaecken, alsmede het parapet en andere wercken; goetgevonden aldaer een travers van palisaden te laten maecken om den Barn te bevrijden voor het overclimmen aen de zeekant, en een dubbel rieh Palisaden om het overcomen te beletten [...] Besloot aen Robbert Focks te hacken 4 a 5000 stormpaaltjes om int fort Margarita te gebruijcken het f 5 t hondert, noch een partije pinpalisaden om inde wallen te leggen [p] De heer de Linge geordonneert een buijse te leggen in de contrescherpen vant fort margarita om de westen vol water te houden, alsoo door het drooch weder beginnen ledich te werden. Ende alsoo aende riviercant aent Bolwerck dat aen het incomen licht geen gracht en is, soo is geordonneert op die bermen te setten twee riehen palisaden tot boven in de wal om het overcomen te beletten. [...] Alsoo de Brasilianen onder ?t fort Margarita onder de contrescherp leggen, ende deselve alsoo daermede sijn beset, soo dat se niet en connen werden gedefendeert en wellicht groot perikel daer uijt soude comen te ontstaen, is met de heer de Linge gesproocken ten eijnde hij haer onder het canon op de vlacke souden begeven waer sij open lucht sullen hebben en beter sullen leggen, dat bij sijn E is aengenomen met haer te overleggen.? NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 64; 1648 NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 67; f.82; f.85 » ?Op het fort Margarita: Metaele: 19, Ysere: 14. NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 68; 04-07-1636; 23-09-1636; 19-02-1638 » De Heer Colonel proponeerde eerstelick dat het fort in Paraiba was seer ingevallen daer toe toonende het project opt papier hoe het selve was gestelt, thoonende dat snel noodig was dat het selve gerepareert ende in defencie gebracht wierde daer toe sijn Ed. den ingenieur mede hadde gebracht. Soo is geresolveert dat den ingenieur met schrijven aende heer Eijssens sal affsenden ende sijne E. largo adviseren ende ooc commanderen den selve fort te repareren off vernieuwen ende 't selve te doen besteden tot meeste voordeel vande Compagnie soo goedt mogelick is. om in eenige voorvallen daer over niet verlegen te wesen op dat men tot den eijnde sal de aennemer vande wercken soo wij meijnden schuldich sijn, sal met eenig gelt ende coopmanschappen contenteren om haer te lustigen tot 't aennemen van dese te maecken. Den Igchijeur Verthoonde het model bij hem geprojecteert over 't suijderfort in Paraiba wesende in forma dat het Croonwerck geslooten werde met een groot tennege. Een Baterije omde haer te bevrijden waer op veel stucken te dien eijnde connen werden opgestelt is naer eenige discoursen ende saecke wel overwogen ende geexamineert is alsoo goet gevonden te doen affsteecken ende metten eersten op maecken. Johan Taelboom versouckende dat men de penningen soo hem competerende van wercken in Paraiba alsoo d'heeren geen gelt alhier en hebben op sijn reeckeninge soude goet doen ende alsoo het zuijderfort niet volgens sijn besteck was opgemaeckt 't welck voor f 1200 has aengenomen soo is hem toegelecht daer voor in plaets van 1200, 600 guldens 't welck met te samen op sijne reeckening sal goet doen. Vant Noorderfort 720; Vant Restinga 1500; Vant Zuijderfort 600; Comt te samen 2820. Aff treckende wat hier op is betaelt. Sijn Ex[cellentie] rapporteert in Paraiba de wercke besichticht te hebben nopende t 'fort Cabo dellio, heeft het selve aenbesteet weder te repareren ende een jaer lang t'onderhouden voor de somme van 3300 guldens eens aen. Deselve is nu genaemt Margarita de Nassau. [...] Oock is besteet de gracht van t'fort Margarite te verdiepen 4 voeten dieper als tegenwoordig is ende rontomme 6 roeden wijd sal wesen, ende van d'aerde die daeruit komt sal de bedeckten wegh rontomme gemaeckt werden, breeder blijckhoudende bij de bestecken daer van sijne. KB Koninklijke Bibliotheek Den Haag; Collectie Manuscripten; 76 A 16 (Hamel); » 't fort margareta Is een groot fort aende zijdtzijde van de rivier Paraiba gelegen, sijn form nae de landtzijde is een croonwerck bestaende in een heele en twee halve bolwercken met tenailien en heft een schone wal aende Landtzijde, soo verre als het croonwerck streckt met een perpet nogh boven op de borstweringe versien, heeft een rij palisaden rontommet een gracht vijf roeden breet dogh ondiep en can niet wel dieper gemaeckt worden, daer buijten aende Landtzijde tot aen de revier heeft een bequame conterschap en langs de watercant rijsbarnen naer den eijsch, binnen het fort is een goet cruijthuijs, een schone bewelfde poort met een huijs daer op, als mede een nieuwe brugge over de gracht. De quartieren worden ten dele nieuw gemaeckt ende de baterijen sijn in effect gemonteert als volgt: 2 Metaelen van 24 pond. 7 Metaelen van 15 pond.' 1 Metaelen van 12 pond. 4 Metaelen van 10 pond. 4 IJsere van 10 pond. 7 IJsere van 8 pond. 6 IJsere van 6 pond. 1 IJsere van 5 pond. 4 IJsere van 4 pond. 36 metaele en ijsere stucken.? IAHGPE Instituto Arqueológico Histórico Geográfico de Pernambuco Recife; Coleção José Hygino, Nótulas Diárias do Conselho Supremo e Secreto do Brasil 1635-1654 (Dagelijkse Notulen van den Hoogen en Secreten Raad in Brazilië); Vol. 1-7 e 10; IAHGPE Instituto Arqueológico Histórico Geográfico de Pernambuco Recife; Coleção Joaquim Caetano (Documentos Holandeses); Vol. 1; Missiva do Governador D. Van Weerdenburch em Antonio Vaaz, aos Estados Gerais; Janeiro 1632 » 'Tentativa de dominar uma fortificação (não especificada; possivelmente Cabedelo), descrita como sendo uma fortaleza provida de 4 muralhas, com um ante-muro na entrada e dotada de obras de tenalha, estando aberta em um dos lados, de forma a poder receber reforços (víveres e tropas).' BN Biblioteca Nacional Madrid; Sección Manuscritos; Ms. 3015; |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature |
Barlaeus C;
1647;
Rerum per Octennium;
Amsterdam;
Blaeu;
;
Barlaeus C.; 1980; História dos feitos recentemente praticados durante oito anos no Brasil; Recife; Fundação de Cultura Cidade do Recife; pp. 51/94/104; » 'Fez Maurício restaurar na Paraíba o forte arruinado do Cabedelo ou de Sta. Catarina e guarnecê-lo com um fosso mais largo e mais fundo e, por cima, com uma couraça. Mudou-lhe Nassau o nome para o de Margarida, como se chama sua irmã.' 'Defendem a Paraíba estes fortes: o de Margarida, muito sólido por todo o gênero de fortificações, tendo fosso, trincheira, parapeito, quatorze canhões de bronze e quarenta e dois de ferro' 'Ele próprio [Nassau], dirigindo-se à Paraíba, mandou restaurar as fortificações arruinadas, providenciando cuidadosamente todo o necessário à defesa desta província. Muniu o forte de Margarida com uma paliçada, por estarem secos os fossos, que as areias trazidas pelas enxurradas haviam enchido.' Frei Jaboatão; 1858; Novo Orbe Serafico Brasílico; ; ; pp. pp. 362-363; Vol. vol.2 / parte 2 Imprensa Oficial; 1940; Inventário das armas e petrechos bélicos que os holandeses deixaram em Pernambuco e dos prédios edificados ou reparados ate 1654; Recife; ; pp. p. 66; » 'No Forte Margarida. Duas peças de bronze de 24 libras. Sete de 10 libras. Uma de doze libras. Quatro de dez libras. Quatro peças de ferro de 10 libras. Seis de 8 libras. Cinco de 6 libras. Duas de cinco libras. Duas de quatro libras. Na Aldeia dos Índios. Duas peças de ferro de 5 libras de bala. Três de quatro libras. Duas de 2 libras. No Forte de Santo Antonio. Uma peça de ferro de 6 libras de bala. Três de cinco libras. Uma sem carreta e trem. Restinga Duas peças de bronze de 16 libras de bala. Duas de dez libras. Uma de seis libras. Quatro peças de ferro de 4 libras. Dias de 4 e 6 libras sem carretas. Uma que se rebentou. Gorgahu. Três peças de ferro de 3 libras de bala.' Montanus Arnoldus; 1671; De Nieuwe en onbekende weereld [...]; Amsterdam; J. Meurs; ; Naber S.P. l'Honoré / J.C.M. Warnsinck ed; 1931; Laerlyck verhael van de verrichtinghen der Geoctroyeerde West-Indische Compagnie in derthien boecken; The Hague; Werken Linschoten Vereeniging; ; Vol. vols. 34/35/38/ Nieuhoff Johan; 1682; Gedenkweerdige Brasiliaaense Zee- en Lant-Reize: Behelzende Al het geen op der dezelve is voorgevallen, beneffens een bondige beschrijving van gantsch Neerlants Brasil; Amsterdam; ; pp. p.39 xii; » 'De vestingh op de Noorder-hoek van de riviere wiert by de Portugesen St. Antonio genoemt; en was in 't vierkant gesticht, en besloegh een ront eilandtje, dat door eene kreke van het lant afgescheiden was. Het is een bolwerk van het oud vierkant fort, door de Portugesen gemaekt, het welk d'onzen, na de rest door de riviere weghgedreven en afgespeolt was, in de kelen gesloten hebben. Het is daer en boven met een ry palissaden aen d'eene zyde van de riviere, en aen de lantzyde met een stuk van d'oude gracht en kreek, omgeven. De wal vast en stijf, en van binnen met een baterye en zes ysere stukken voorzien. Deze vesting kon uit de stad Parayba een uit de vesting Margareta, aen de Zuider-oever, altijt beschermt worden: waerom de Portugesen die doorgaens ten dele open lieten leggen, en met weinigh volk bezet hielden.' Rosário Frei Paulo do; 1632; Relação breve e verdadeira da memorável Victoria que ouve o Capitão-mor da Paraiba Antônio de Albuquerque dos rebeldes de Olanda ...; Lisboa; ; pp. pp. 2v-8; » 'Se resolveu [sic] e determinou em fazer um forte novo de 4 baluartes fabricado de torrão e faxina, que são as mesmas matérias de que viam os rebeldes nas fortificações que fizeram no Recife e Ilha de Itamaracá com que esperam resistir ao poder de nossas armadas de Espanha, tudo com a ordem do capitão Diogo Paes, engenheiro militar de Sua Mgde. para o por em execução arrasou tudo o que era o forte velho e com tanto valor, indústria, assistência pessoal e quantidade de trabalhadores se houve nesta obra que em menos de seis meses acabou as muralhas e baluartes e os terraplenou e fez suas esplanadas, e lhe pôs toda a artilharia que tinha sem despesa nenhuma da Fazenda Real, senão que a custa dos moradores e com o serviço dos índios se pôs no estado referido. (...) A planta desta fortaleza é em forma quadrada, ficando nos cantos dela quatro cavaleiros, ou baluartes, em que joga a artilharia e defende as cortinas da força que com a estrada encoberta que tem em redor da quadra, e esta quadra por fora fica muito defensável.' Schamalkalden Caspar; 1998; Brasil Holandês Volume I. A Viagem de Caspar Schamalkalden de Amsterdã para Pernambuco no Brasil; Rio de Janeiro; Editora Index; pp. pp. 108-114; » 'Sobre a Fortaleza Margaretha. No citado rio Paraíba localizava-se ainda uma fortaleza chamada Santa Catarina, que se encontra em ruínas, por isso o Príncipe Mauricio mandou reconstruí-la e equipa-la com um fosso amplo e profundo e com parapeitos - como sinal de que agora estava submetida a uma potencia estrangeira. Recebeu o nome de sua irmã Margarethen. Do outro lado do rio, direção norte, havia outra fortaleza, chamada Santo Antonio, a qual há tempos o Príncipe [mandou] demolir e destruir para a redução de gastos desnecessários, [mandando] construir apenas uma guarita ou torre de vigia.' |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Articles | Herckmans Elias;
1879;
'Generale beschrijvinge van de Capitanie Paraíba'; in
Bijdrage en mededelingen van het Historisch genootschap gevestigd te Utrecht; Vol.
Vol. II;
Utrecht; pp.
318-367 Moreno Diogo de Campo; 1984; 'Relação das Praças Fortes do Brasil 1609'; in Revista do Instituto Arqueológico Histórico Geográfico de Pernambuco; Vol. Vol. LVII; Recife; pp. 185-246 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| images |
|