Atlas Of Dutch Brazil

Probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (1).JPG

Probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (2).JPG

Probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (3).JPG

Probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (9).JPG

Prof. Dr. Guilherme d'Avila Lins and Dr. Adouto Ramos on probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (4).JPG

Remains of chapel, Probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (7).JPG

Road coming from probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (11).JPG

Slaughterhouse on probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (5).JPG

View on probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (10).JPG

View on probable location Arraial or Engenho Santo Andre, Santa Rita (PB).JPG

Arraial Santo André
Abstract
Engenho Santo André was one of the most important sugar mills in the Paraíba region. Owned by Valadares Antonio, in 1645 it became the military base in Paraíba of the Portuguese rebels in their struggle against the Dutch. During the war, many sugar mills had been turned into strongholds from where the Portuguese and the Dutch would start to attack. In 1646 the sugar mill Santo André, also known as Arraial, fell into Dutch hands, until 1647 when it was abandoned.

Timeline
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< 1580-1636 Spanish >
During this period Spain and Portugal are unified under one crown. The Portuguese possessions in Brazil fall under the Spanish crown jurisdiction.
< 1636-1645 Dutch >
During an incursion in Paraíba, E. Herckmans expelled the Portuguese commandeur Rebelinho who had hidden in Santo André. The sugar mill became of Jorge Homem Pinto.
< 1645-1646 Portuguese >
Military base of the Portuguese in Paraíba. After september 1645 the forces of Vieira, Camarao and Vidal de Negreiros made their camp at Santo André, also named Arraial. Most of the Portuguese rebels had gathered here.
< 1646-1647 Dutch >
In autumn 1646 the WIC forces under the command of major Stachouwer occupied the sugar mill Santo André and used it as their military base in Paraíba.
< 1647-1647 Dutch >
The High Council ordered the concentration of all troops in the forts of S. Catarina, Restinga and S. Antônio and the evacuation of Santo André.

More »

Modern name	Arraial Santo André
Historical names	Arraial de S. André; Engenho Santo Andre; Engenio S. Andries; Riael de St. Andre; St. Andries;
Category	Defence work; Production object;
Toponym	Santo André
Modern name location	Santo André
Historical names location	Arraial; Arraial S. Andre; Real; Real S. Andre; S. Andre; Santo Andre;
Municipality	Santa Rita
State	Paraiba
Original function	Sugar mill (engenho)
Relation to nearby objects	Santo André engenho was considered an important site in the struggle to dominate Paraíba between 1636 and 1647. It must have been located not far from the sugar mill Tibiri, along the river with the same name. Around 1587, under the leadership of Martim Leitão, the Portuguese built a fort on the Tibiri river known as São Sebastião. The fort was made of taipa and would give protection to the recently installed Engenho del Rei and to an Indian village (aldeia tabajara do Assento do Passáro). Engenho del Rei, a sugar mill erected in the name of the king, would later be known as engenho Tibiri (or Tiberi). According to the sources, in 1639 this sugar mill was the property of Jorge Homem Pinto, the same owner of the sugar mill Santo Andre. Not far from this area, at the anchorage of a place called Inhobim (or Inhobij, Inhobo) the Portuguese erected a small fort in 1591. Attacked and partly destroyed by the Indians, it fell into disuse and was abandoned around 1605. Here, later, the colonists would settle an engenho. What is left today of this sugar mill is known as the SS. Cosme and Damião chapel.
Archeological research	In 1982 the engenho Santo André was the property of Fransisco Leocádio. No remains of the fortress were found in this year.
Keywords	Fort; Paraíba; Sugar-mill; Santo André; Arraial; Real; Camp;

Sources »

Sources

NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 60; f.216 »

KB Koninklijke Bibliotheek; ; 76 A16; 1674 »

NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; ; 08-10-1654 »

NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 62; 12-09-1646

NA Nationaal Archief Den Haag; Oude West Indische Compagnie 1.05.01.01; 72; 09-09-1646, 22-11-1646, 26-11-1646, 30-11-1646,09-12-1646, 31-12-1646, 08--1-1647, 27-02-1647, 28-05-1647;

Literature

De Laet J.; 1920; História ou Annaes dos feitos da Companhia Privilegiada das Indias Occidentaes desde o seu começo até o fim do anno de 1636; Rio de Janeiro; Officinas Graphicas da Bibliotheca Nacional;; pp. 87; vol.41/42 »

Joffily I.; 1892; Notas sobre a Parahyba; Rio de Janeiro; Typographia do Jornal do Commercio; pp. 171-172;

Mello José Antonio Gonçalves de; 1985; Fontes para a história do Brasil Holandês; Recife; ; pp. 73-74; »

Menezes José Luis Mota / Maria do Rosario Rosa Rodrigues; 1986; Fortificações Portuguesas no Nordeste do Brasil. Seculos XVI / XVII e XVIII; Recife; ; ;

Articles

images

Map of Paraiba and Rio Grande; 1647

Arraial Santo André

< 1580-1636 Spanish >

< 1636-1645 Dutch >

< 1645-1646 Portuguese >

< 1646-1647 Dutch >

< 1647-1647 Dutch >